CIMS环境下的CAPP／CAD集成

阐述了ＣＩＭＳ环境下ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＤ集成的方法,讨论了ＳＴＥＰ标准在ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＤ集成中的应用。介绍了一个基于ＳＴＥＰ的集成化工艺过程设计系统,重点对其中的数据交换接口进行了分析和讨论。     

后向风机叶轮焊接组装定位夹具设计

分析了后向风机叶轮的结构特点,提出了焊接组装定位夹具工艺设计原则,设计出了能适应多种尺寸的风机叶轮焊接组装定位夹具。解决了叶片定位、工件脱模、焊接变形引起的滑移难题,提高了生产效率。     

Wake structure and similar behavior of wake profiles downstream of a plunging airfoil

Very limited attention has already been paid to the velocity behavior in the wake region in unsteady aerodynamic problems.A series of tests has been performed on a flapping airfoil in a subsonic wind tunnel to study the wake structure for different sets of mean angle of attack,plunging amplitude and reduced frequency.In this study,the velocity profiles in the wake for various oscillation parameters have been measured using a wide shoulder rake,especially designed for the present experiments.The airfoil under consideration was a critical section of a 660 kW wind turbine.The results show that for a flapping airfoil the wake structure can be of drag producing type,thrust producing or neutral,depending on the mean angle of attack,oscillation amplitude and reduced frequency.In a thrust producing wake,a high-momentum high-velocity jet flow is formed in the core region of the wake instead of the conventional low-momentum flow.As a result,the drag force normally experienced by the body due to the momentum deficit would be replaced by a thrust force.According to the results,the momentum loss in the wake decreases as the reduced frequency increases.The thrust producing wake pattern for the flapping airfoil has been observed for suffi ciently low angles of attack in the absence of the viscous effects.This phenomenon has also been observed for either high oscillation amplitudes or high reduced frequencies.According to the results,for different reduced frequencies and plunging amplitudes,such that the product of them be a constant,the velocity profiles exhibit similar behavior and coalesce on each other.This simi larity parameter works excellently at small angles of attack.However,at near stall boundaries,the similarity is not as evident as before.     

Generation of kinetic Alfvén waves by velocity shear instability on auroral field lines

Ion beams observed in the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL), cusp, and on the auroral zone field lines are expected to have spatial gradients in their drift velocity. Generation of kinetic Alfvén waves by velocity shear of the ion beams is discussed. It is shown that a hot ion beam can excite both a resonant kinetic Alfvén wave instability and a non-resonant coupled Alfvén-ion acoustic instability. For typical parameters, observed on the auroral field lines in the altitude range of 5–7 R_E (where R_E is the Earth’s radius), the frequency of the velocity shear modes, in the satellite frame of reference, lie in the ultra-low frequency (ULF) range. The noise due to velocity shear driven Alfvén modes is electromagnetic in nature, and has a finite parallel electric field component.     

Ponderomotive Forces in Cosmos

This review is devoted to ponderomotive forces and their importance for the acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic waves in space plasmas. Ponderomotive forces constitute time-averaged nonlinear forces acting on a media in the presence of oscillating electromagnetic fields. Ponderomotive forces represent a useful analytical tool to describe plasma acceleration. Oscillating electromagnetic fields are also related with dissipative processes, such as heating of particles. Dissipative processes are, however, left outside these discussions. The focus will be entirely on the (conservative) ponderomotive forces acting in space plasmas. The review consists of seven sections. In Section 1, we explain the rational for using the auxiliary ponderomotive forces instead of the fundamental Lorentz force for the study of particle motions in oscillating fields. In Section 2, we present the Abraham, Miller, Lundin–Hultqvist and Barlow ponderomotive forces, and the Bolotovsky–Serov ponderomotive drift. The hydrodynamic, quasi-hydrodynamic, and ‘`test-particle’' approaches are used for the study of ponderomotive wave-particle interaction. The problems of self-consistency and regularization are discussed in Section 3. The model of static balance of forces (Section 4) exemplifies the interplay between thermal, gravitational and ponderomotive forces, but it also introduces a set of useful definitions, dimensionless parameters, etc. We analyze the Alfvén and ion cyclotron waves in static limit with emphasis on the specific distinction between traveling and standing waves. Particular attention has been given to the impact of traveling Alfvén waves on the steady state anabatic wind that blows over the polar regions (Section~5). We demonstrate the existence of a wave-induced cold anabatic wind. We also show that, at a critical point, the ponderomotive acceleration of the wind is a factor of 3 greater than the thermal acceleration. Section 6 demonstrates various manifestations of ponderomotive forces in the Earth's magnetosphere, for instance the ionospheric plasma acceleration and outflow. The polar wind and the auroral density cavities are considered in relation to results from the Freja and Viking satellites. The high-altitude energization and escape of ions is discussed. The ponderomotive anharmonicity of standing Alfvén waves is analyzed from ground based ULF wave measurements. The complexity of the many challenging problems related with plasma processes near the magnetospheric boundaries is discussed in the light of recent Cluster observations. At the end of Section 6, we consider the application of ponderomotive forces to the diversity of phenomena on the Sun, in the interstellar environment, on newborn stars, pulsars and active galaxies. We emphasize the role of forcing of magnetized plasmas in general and ponderomotive forcing in particular, presenting some simple conceivable scenarios for massive outflow and jets from astrophysical objects.     

Energization of Plasma Species by Intermittent Kinetic Alfvén Waves

We propose a new phase-mixing sweep model of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration based on dissipative properties of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs). The energy reservoir is provided by the intermittent ∼1 Hz MHD Alfvén waves excited at the coronal base by magnetic restructuring. These waves propagate upward along open magnetic field lines, phase-mix, and gradually develop short wavelengths across the magnetic field. Eventually, at 1.5–4 solar radii they are transformed into KAWs. We analyze several basic mechanisms for anisotropic energization of plasma species by KAWs and find them compatible with observations. In particular, UVCS (onboard SOHO) observations of intense cross-field ion energization at 1.5–4 solar radii can be naturally explained by non-adiabatic ion acceleration in the vicinity of demagnetizing KAW phases. The ion cyclotron motion is destroyed there by electric and magnetic fields of KAWs.     

归一化RBF网络的结构优化策略

针对归一化RBF网络，利用基于山峰函数的减法聚类算法构造归一化RBF网络的初始结构，采用奇异值分解(SVD)算法分析了网络隐含层节点与奇异值、累积贡献率以及索引向量的关系，并对归一化RBF网络的结构进行了优化。最后，对该优化策略的可行性和有效性进行了仿真验证和性能比较。     

正癸烷作为航空煤油雾化过程代理燃料的研究

对航空煤油和单组份碳氢燃料正癸烷的雾化性能进行实验测试,研究在部件燃烧特性验证阶段,正癸烷作为航空煤油雾化过程代理燃料的可行性.结果表明:在室温条件下,经过旋流器的气流压力降分别为0,500,2000Pa,供油压力从0.1~1.0MPa间隔0.1MPa均匀变化,使用马尔文激光粒度仪测量旋流器下游点火器位置处两种燃料的雾化索太尔平均直径.对于两种燃料,供油压力大于0.5MPa后,SMD变化缓慢,此时两种燃料的雾化过程基本完成,雾化索太尔平均直径均介于30~45μm之间.相同气流压力降下,正癸烷的雾化SMD比航空煤油稍大,这与其更高的黏度和表面张力有关;供油压力大于0.5MPa后,两种燃料的雾化SMD非常接近.在对实验数据进行拟合分析的基础上,获得了航空煤油和正癸烷在旋流中的雾化SMD经验关系式,发现拟合系数的相对差异约为7%,可将正癸烷经过适当的修正之后做为航空煤油雾化的代理燃料.      

RP-3航空煤油替代燃料简化机理及其验证

选定正癸烷作为RP-3航空煤油单组分替代燃料,建立了一种包含36组分62步基元反应的简化机理.并设计了本生灯预混预蒸发试验系统对RP-3航空煤油的火焰进行了试验研究.同时,采用两种已被验证的煤油简化机理（分别为23步和38步）及62步简化机理对本生灯预混预蒸发燃烧火焰进行数值模拟,并将计算结果和试验数据相对比.结果表明：在轴向,温度和CO₂体积分数呈先上升后下降的趋势,并且温度在距喷口轴向距离为0.020m时达到最大值;而O₂体积分数呈现下降后上升的趋势,并且距喷口轴向距离为0.025m时达到最小值.与38步简化机理和23步简化机理所获得的数据相比,在各工况下,62步简化机理计算所获得的火焰温度分布和O₂体积分数分布与试验数据能很好地吻合;同时,62步简化机理计算的CO₂体积分数分布与试验数据变化规律基本一致,而23步和38步机理的计算结果只能保持和试验数据变化趋势的一致性.因此,选定的正癸烷可作为RP-3航空煤油的单组分替代燃料,并且所获得的62步简化机理能在较大范围内反映RP-3航空煤油的燃烧性能.     

Dynamical Systems Approach to Space Environment Turbulence

Space plasmas are dominated by waves, instabilities and turbulence. Dynamical systems approach offers powerful mathematical and computational techniques to probe the origin and nature of space environment turbulence. Using the nonlinear dynamics tools such as the bifurcation diagram and Poincaré maps, we study the transition from order to chaos, from weak to strong chaos, and the destruction of a chaotic attractor. The characterization of the complex system dynamics of the space environment, such as the Alfvén turbulence, can improve the capability of monitoring Sun-Earth connections and prediction of space weather. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.